Cambridge IGCSE CHAPTER - 1 - The particulate nature of matter - Skills Required

1. Know that all matter is made of particles

2. Compare All matter states according to arrangement of particles and how close they are together

3. Describe the attraction forces between these particles , and the type and speed of particles motion

4. Compare physical and chemical changes to matter

5. Explain what is meant by 

• Evaporation

• Boiling

• Condensation

• Melting

• Freezing

• Sublimation

6. Show how changes of physical states can be explained according to kinetic theory

relating effect of temperature change on particles movement , kind of attraction forces and the effect on matter structure 

7. Effect of temperature and pressure on motion of gas particles 

8. Explain Random motion of particles (Brownian motion) and how particles random movement and collision in liquids and gases prove the kinetic theory of matter , and how particles move randomly due to being bombarded by other moving particles

9 Define and understand what is Diffusion

as movement of particles from high to low concentration

10 Understand why diffusion occurs only in liquid and gas states but not in solid state

 

11 Describe and explain how the rate of diffusion depends on molecular mass

and how the smaller the mass the greater the average speed of molecules

(all molecules have same average kinetic energy at the same temperature , so smaller molecules make particles diffuse faster